CPL310
10/15/2004
More on Bertolt Brecht:
Lindbergh's Flight
-- short play in 17 scenes
-- describes his flight across the Atlantic (fog, snowstorm, etc.)
-- originally most of the scenes were set to music
-- Themes: Man vs Nature, and Science/Exploration vs. Religion
-- "Let us battle nature" (10); but he believes he will not survive
-- all men have natural weakness so it's impossible for man to overcome nature
-- Lindbergh is an atheist when he flies
-- author's attitude: science's progress doesn't disprove God's existence; similar to Galileo
-- the unattainable was "that which has not yet been attained" in the original German
Kaj Munk (pronounced to rhyme with "eye")
"He Sits at the Melting Pot"
-- Danish playwright and priest
-- born Kaj Harald Leininger Peterson
-- adopted by Munk family (his mother's cousins) in 1916 after his parents' deaths (TB)
-- as a child he loved poetry
-- wrote first play, Pilate, during last year at Nyk?bing Cathedral School
-- attended University of Copenhagen
-- began work on Herod, En Idealist (Herod the Great)
-- was parish of Verdes? in 1924
-- 1931 -- had success with play Can?t
-- wrote many plays but continued to be a pastor; was a leading Danish playwright of the 20th century
-- admired "strong" men like Mussolini and Hitler but was disillusioned by each, especially by Hitler's treatment of the Jews
-- He Sits at the Melting Pot was his first play after this disillusionment
-- very vocal against Nazi regime after 1940
-- 1943 protest letter against censure of churches (pastors were to say nothing against Nazi regime)
-- got killed by the Nazis in January 1944 near German headquarters at Silkesborg
-- rejected naturalistic drama in favor of spiritually oriented plays
-- admired strong-willed man of action
-- oh my God! She read everything too quickly.
-- Melting Pot refers to refining metal
-- themes in Munk's plays: chok: Munk set out to shock people
-- he himself said the play was not about Jews in Germany but about a "weak man" being refined
-- main point: in the preface to the first play, he says that God sits at the melting pot (the world is on fire) and uses it to refine us
-- themes: obsession with knowledge
-- conflicts of interest: natioanl vs truth, love vs party line
-- Mensch wants to do nothing but his research
-- shall Germany worship truth or itself? (conflict as to whether Jesus was Aryan or not)
-- play opens with Mensch reading an article by Dorn that twists the truth into what the Nazis want
-- big issue in the play is a painting of a Jewish man that some believe is Christ; the Nazis can't accept that
-- Mensch has to decide whether to proclaim the truth and be discredited in Germany or to give in
-- Mensch loves Fr?ulein Schmidt, quite a change from earlier when he sent her away because he "couldn't abide Jews" (one stole a thesis of his earlier)
-- Mensch destroys the painting so the Nazis can't distort its meaning; Fr?ulein is impressed that he is so strong (to destroy the painting knowing what will happen to him); he's been through his melting pot and been refined into a strong man
-- the truth lives on in his heart despite the painting being gone
-- there is a Danish hymn with the line "He sits at the melting pot"
Another play by Kaj Munk
"The Word"
-- wrote the play in just 6 days
-- first scene: takes place in the home of Mikkel Borgen in Borgenscroft
-- Borgen is a religious man and that his 3 sons are not worthy of inheriting his farm
-- sons are Mikkel Jr., Johannes, and Anders
-- Young Mikkel and Inger hae 2 daughters and are expecting a 3rd; he doesn't share his father's love of religion
-- Johannes has lost his mind apparently after seeing his fianc?e hit and killed by a car after she'd pushed him out of the way; now he thinks he's Jesus
-- Anders is in love with Esther who is of a different faith
-- second scene: at Esther's father Reuben Snipper's home
-- Borgen comes to talk to Snipper to talk about his opposition to their children's marriage; Snipper disagrees
-- during the argument Borgen gets a phone call from home; inger is having complications
-- third scene:
-- Borgen's home; Inger and her baby son die
-- family doctor (scientific man) says doctors aren't religious and you should be grateful for that
-- family pastor argues with doctor
-- Johannes is working with wood in the background (he thinks he's a Jewish carpenter); the pastor thinks he should be sent to an asylum; the doctor says Johannes will work things out himself
-- the doctor leaves thinking that although the baby was stillborn, the mother was saved; she dies afterwards
-- fourth scene:
-- during Inger's funeral (5 days later) Johannes starts talking crazy but it turns out not to be so crazy after all
-- Johannes as more faith than anyone else, including the family's new pastor
-- Johannes commands Inger to come back to life and she does! ("Give me the Word of life" -- hence the title)